GitHub

一、概述
- 1.GitHub 简介
- 2.GitHub 官网地址
二、基础
三、实践

一、概述

1.GitHub 简介

GitHub是一个面向开源及私有软件项目的托管平台，因为只支持Git作为唯一的版本库格式进行托管，故名GitHub。

GitHub于2008年4月10日正式上线，除了Git代码仓库托管及基本的Web管理界面以外，还提供了订阅、讨论组、文本渲染、在线文件编辑器、协作图谱（报表）、代码片段分享（Gist）等功能。目前，其注册用户已经超过350万，托管版本数量也是非常之多，其中不乏知名开源项目Ruby on Rails、jQuery、python等。

2018年6月4日，微软宣布，通过75亿美元的股票交易收购代码托管平台GitHub。

团队内协作

跨团队协作

2.GitHub 官网地址

# 官网地址

https://github.com/

二、基础

1.GitHub远程仓库

1.github.com 注册账户

2.github 上创建仓库

3.本地服务器生成 ssh 公钥

[root@qfedu.com ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -C 'meteor@163.com'  # 邮箱要与github上注册的相同
[root@qfedu.com ~]# cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub 
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDVThfq4brrlsPGtAknVB0TLPx+7Dd3qlxTbSIrUOsGC5Y8JuNqVTlIntZB4oNj8cSQrWvec9CKm0a8o7WwaJIiqpxurz+YpQHP2KbapftKIxsX4hPf/z+p0El1U6arQa35/xmNsq+cJLH/bDdRG+EMDhuCBmjVZOlLj/hEdeIT6s56AnnCkaWoF+sq58KCF7Tk54jRbs/YiyE4SN7FuA70r+07sA/uj0+lmuk4E190KtQUELhjX/E9stivlqiRhxnKvVUqXDywsjfM8Rtvbi4Fg9R8Wt9fpd4QwnWksYUoR5qZJFYXO4hSZrUnSMruPK14xXjDJcFDcP2eHIzKgLD1 meteor@163.com

4.github 添加 ssh 公钥

复制以上的公钥，在 github 中添加ssh key

5.测试连接

[root@qfedu.com ~]# yum install git
........
[root@qfedu.com ~]# ssh -T git@qfedu.comhub.com
The authenticity of host 'github.com (13.250.177.223)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:nThbg6kXUpJWGl7E1IGOCspRomTxdCARLviKw6E5SY8.
RSA key fingerprint is MD5:16:27:ac:a5:76:28:2d:36:63:1b:56:4d:eb:df:a6:48.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'github.com,13.250.177.223' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Hi meteor! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.
[root@qfedu.com ~]#

6.连接远程仓库（创建一个测试存储库）

# 在 github 网站新建一个仓库，命名为linux
~~~
[root@qfedu.com ~]# cd /opt
[root@qfedu.com ~]# mkdir linux
[root@qfedu.com ~]# mkdir linux
[root@qfedu.com ~]# cd linux
~~~
# git 初始化，然后做第一个基本的git操作(需要在github上创建存储库)
[root@qfedu.com ~]# git init
[root@qfedu.com ~]# touch README
[root@qfedu.com ~]# git add README
[root@qfedu.com ~]# git commit -m 'first commit'
[root@qfedu.com ~]# git remote add origin git@qfedu.comhub.com:userhub/linux.git
~~~
# 若出现origin已经存在的错误，删除origin
[root@qfedu.com linux]# git remote rm origin
# 现在继续执行push到远端
~~~
[root@qfedu.com linux]# git remote add origin git@qfedu.comhub.com:userhub/linux.git
[root@qfedu.com linux]# git push -u origin master
Counting objects: 3, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 205 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git@qfedu.comhub.com:fakehydra/linux-.git
 * [new branch]      master -> master
分支 master 设置为跟踪来自 origin 的远程分支 master。
# 注意
# 设置存储库链接
[root@qfedu.com ~]# git remote set-url origin git@qfedu.comhub.com:userhub/linux.git
# 如果 push 失败，合并分支到 master 再 push
[root@qfedu.com ~]# git pull --rebase origin master

2.基本概念

1.仓库（Repository）

仓库用来存放项目代码，每个项目对应一个仓库，多个开源项目则有多个仓库

2.收藏（Star）

收藏项目，方便下次查看

3.复制克隆项目（Fork）

注意：该fork的项目时独立存在的

3.发起请求（Pull Request）

4.关注（Watch）

关注项目，当项目更新可以接收到通知

5.事务卡片（Issue）

发现代码BUG，但是目前没有成型代码，需要讨论时用；

6.Github主页

账号创建成功或点击网址导航栏github图标都可进入github主页：该页左侧主要显示用户动态以及关注用户或关注仓库的动态；右侧显示所有的git库

7.仓库主页

仓库主页主要显示项目的信息，如：项目代码，版本，收藏/关注/fork情况等

8.个人主页

个人信息：头像，个人简介，关注我的人，我关注的人，我关注的git库，我的开源项目，我贡献的开源项目等信息

3.Github Issues

作用：发现代码BUG，但是目前没有成型代码，需要讨论时用；或者使用开源项目出现问题时使用

情景：张三发现李四开源git库，则发提交了一个issue；李四隔天登录在github主页看到通知并和张三交流，最后关闭issue

4.开源项目贡献流程

1.新建Issue

提交使用问题或者建议或者想法

2.Pull Request

步骤：

fork项目
修改自己仓库的项目代码
新建 pull request
等待作者操作审核

5.Github Pages 搭建网站

5.1.个人站点

1.访问：

https://用户名.github.io

2.搭建步骤

1）创建个人站点 -> 新建仓库（注：仓库名必须是【用户名.github.io】）

2）在仓库下新建index.html的文件即可

注意：

github pages 仅支持静态网页
仓库里面是.html文件
个人主页也可以设置主题

5.2.Project Pages 项目站点

1.访问

https://用户名.github.io/仓库名

2.原理

gh-pages 用于构建和发布

3.搭建步骤

进入项目主页，点击settings
在settings页面，点击【Launch automatic page generator 】来自动生成主题页面
新建站点基础信息设置
选择主题
生成网页

三、实践

1.设置用户签名

用户签名最好与GitHub账号邮箱一致

git config --global user.name xxxxxx
git config --global user.email xxxxxx@126.com

cat ~/.gitconfig

Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 /d/dev-tct/Devops/dev/code/git-test/github/git-demo (main)
$ git config --global user.name xxxxxx

Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 /d/dev-tct/Devops/dev/code/git-test/github/git-demo (main)
$ git config --global user.email xxxxxx@126.com

Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 /d/dev-tct/Devops/dev/code/git-test/github/git-demo (main)
$ cat ~/.gitconfig
[credential]
        helper = manager
[user]
        name = xxxxxx
        email = xxxxxx@126.com
[filter "lfs"]
        required = true
        clean = git-lfs clean -- %f
        smudge = git-lfs smudge -- %f
        process = git-lfs filter-process
[credential "http://182.92.210.65:18080"]
        provider = generic
[core]
        autocrlf = true

2.SSH 免密登录

2.1.Windows免密登录

1.删除现有Key

访问目录：C:\Users\Administrator\ .ssh，删除公钥：id_rsa.pub ，私钥：id_rsa

2.生成.ssh 秘钥

# 在目录：C:\Users\Administrator
# 运行命令生成.ssh 秘钥目录[注意：这里-C 这个参数是大写的 C]  
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C xxxxxx@126.com

Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 ~
$ pwd
/c/Users/Administrator

# 三次回车
Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 ~
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C xxxxxx@126.com
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /c/Users/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /c/Users/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:g/Fz6kyzO89UHnmFEXQh7M50Cvk52mkT/hipb1fFp3Y xxxxxx@126.com
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|            .o+oo|
|             ..+ |
|      .     o ...|
|       +   o + o+|
|      . S . X =.o|
|         = o @+ E|
|        + . =++..|
|       +.= ..Bo. |
|        =+o.+o+. |
+----[SHA256]-----+

3.查看公钥

Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 ~
$ pwd
/c/Users/Administrator

Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 ~
$ cd .ssh

Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 ~/.ssh
$ ll
total 5
-rw-r--r-- 1 Administrator 197121 2602 Jan  7 18:51 id_rsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 Administrator 197121  570 Jan  7 18:51 id_rsa.pub

# 查看公钥
Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 ~/.ssh
$ cat id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa 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 xxxxxx@126.com

# 公钥

ssh-rsa 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 xxxxxx@126.com

2.2.GitHub配置SSH

1.查看你生成的公钥：

vim id_rsa.pub

就可以查看到你的公钥

2.登录 GitHub，点击用户头像→Settings→SSH and GPG keys

2.3.测试SSH

# 克隆
Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 /d/dev-tct/Devops/dev/code/git-test/github
$ git clone git@github.com:xxxxxx/git-demo.git
Cloning into 'git-demo'...
The authenticity of host 'github.com (20.205.243.166)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:+DiY3wvvV6TuJJhbpZisF/zLDA0zPMSvHdkr4UvCOqU.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'github.com' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
remote: Enumerating objects: 10, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (10/10), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done.
remote: Total 10 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (10/10), 5.93 KiB | 758.00 KiB/s, done.

Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 /d/dev-tct/Devops/dev/code/git-test/github
$ ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 1 Administrator 197121 0 Feb  6 11:23 git-demo/


# 查看
Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 /d/dev-tct/Devops/dev/code/git-test/github
$ cd git-demo/

Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 /d/dev-tct/Devops/dev/code/git-test/github/git-demo (main)
$ ll
total 1
-rw-r--r-- 1 Administrator 197121 18 Feb  6 11:23 myfile1.txt

Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 /d/dev-tct/Devops/dev/code/git-test/github/git-demo (main)
$ git remote -v
origin  git@github.com:xxxxxx/git-demo.git (fetch)
origin  git@github.com:xxxxxx/git-demo.git (push)


Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 /d/dev-tct/Devops/dev/code/git-test/github/git-demo (main)
$ touch hello.txt

Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 /d/dev-tct/Devops/dev/code/git-test/github/git-demo (main)
$ git add .

Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 /d/dev-tct/Devops/dev/code/git-test/github/git-demo (main)
$ git commit -m "remote add file"
[main f461b2b] remote add file
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hello.txt


# 推送数据
Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 /d/dev-tct/Devops/dev/code/git-test/github/git-demo (main)
$ git push origin main
Enumerating objects: 4, done.
Counting objects: 100% (4/4), done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 270 bytes | 270.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
To github.com:xxxxxx/git-demo.git
   0928bf4..f461b2b  main -> main

3.创建远程仓库

4.远程仓库操作

4.1.推送本地分支到远程仓库

git push git@github.com:xxxxxx/git-demo.git master

# 本地仓库
Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 /d/dev-tct/Devops/dev/code/git-test/github/git-demo (master)
$ ll
total 1
-rw-r--r-- 1 Administrator 197121  0 Feb  6 12:04 file2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 Administrator 197121  0 Feb  6 12:04 hello.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 Administrator 197121 18 Feb  6 12:04 myfile1.txt


# 推送
Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 /d/dev-tct/Devops/dev/code/git-test/github/git-demo (master)
$ git push git@github.com:xxxxxx/git-demo.git master
Enumerating objects: 15, done.
Counting objects: 100% (15/15), done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (10/10), done.
Writing objects: 100% (15/15), 6.39 KiB | 3.20 MiB/s, done.
Total 15 (delta 0), reused 15 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
To github.com:xxxxxx/git-demo.git
 * [new branch]      master -> master

4.2.克隆远程仓库到本地

git clone git@github.com:xxxxxx/git-demo.git

Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 /d/dev-tct/Devops/dev/code/git-test/github
$ git clone git@github.com:xxxxxx/git-demo.git
Cloning into 'git-demo'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 15, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (15/15), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (10/10), done.
Receiving objects: 100% (15/15), 6.39 KiB | 2.13 MiB/s, done.
remote: Total 15 (delta 0), reused 15 (delta 0), pack-reused 0


Administrator@DESKTOP-AV12NNP MINGW64 /d/dev-tct/Devops/dev/code/git-test/github
$ ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 1 Administrator 197121 0 Feb  6 12:44 git-demo/